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Post by Master Kim on Oct 11, 2014 11:16:15 GMT -5
Many people think the brain is responsible for ADHD, learning disability, dyslexia and etc. If it is true, they are supposed to be seen by MRI or something, but nobody has found the physical evidence. As a matter of fact, the organs are responsible for those symptoms and affects brain, not vice versa. KOSA usually treats them quickly and with high success rate. KOSA believes that all issues at the top subject would be helped by properly treating organs. A college girl with a photographic memory in medical university was being treated by KOSA due to her physical issues. During the 3rd treatment, she reported that she found herself she could memorize a lot faster than ever before, and she could keep studying not disturbed by music around her, which used to make her impossible to study. Modern science and western medicine seems to have successfully proven that the oriental medicine is more advanced science than them. Gut feelings: the future of psychiatry may be inside your stomach - www.theverge.com/2013/8/21/4595712/gut-feelings-the-future-of-psychiatry-may-be-inside-your-stomachThe brain is not an organ. The brain does not have control on organs. As a matter of fact, the brain is under the control of organs.
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 11, 2014 11:19:24 GMT -5
Dr. Weissman seems to be very excited to have discovered that there is a connection between emotional and physical health. However, he does not fully understand the relationship. 1. The relationship has been discovered and used in the oriental medicine for thousand years. 2. Emotions and organs directly affect each other. He has not thought of this medium. 3. There is no delay in the interaction. His web site www.drdarrenweissman.com/YouTube video he is talking about a connection between emotional and physical health
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 11, 2014 11:22:26 GMT -5
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 11, 2014 11:28:03 GMT -5
dyslexia 난독증이 있는 초등학교 4학년생 남자 아이를 정통사암침으로써 단 한 번에 고친 사례가 있습니다. 이 아이는 단어 하나씩은 읽는데, 순서에 맞춰서 읽지 못하고 천방지축으로 읽으니까 문장을 단 하나도 제대로 읽을 수가 없었습니다. 그 외에 학습에 집중하지 못하거나, 학습 지진아 등에게도 거의 100%의 성공률로 치료해 왔었습니다. 작년에 의대 4학년이던 여대생이 자기 자신이 photographic memory (한 번 보면 사진을 찍은 듯이 절대로 잊지 않는 기억력의 소유자)가 있다고 하길래, 침을 놓으면서 해당되는 5장6부를 하나씩 설명했습니다. 다음 날 침을 하나씩 꽂으면서 물어봤더니, 모두 다 정확하게 대답해서 깜짝 놀랐습니다. 그 다음 날에 다시 왔는데, 전보다 훨씬 암기를 빨리 하게 되었슴은 물론, 예전에는 주위에서 음악이 들리면 전혀 공부를 할 수 없었는데, 전혀 방해가 되지 않는다고 했습니다. 함께 치료를 받던 이 여대생의 남자 친구가 프로페셔널 갬블러 (타짜)인데, 이 친구도 게임에 훨씬 더 집중을 잘 할 수 있게 되었다고... 미국에는 대한민국에 비해 난독증 사례가 꽤 많습니다. 난독증 국제 협회가 있을 정도이며, 난독증이 있는 사람들을 지도하면서 먹고 사는 사람들이 꽤 있습니다. www.linkedin.com 웹사이트의 한 난독증 그룹에서 난독증을 정통사암침으로써 단 한 번에 치료했다고 하니까, 잡아먹으려고 합니다. 몇 몇 친구들은 난독증은 하늘로부터 받은 선물이라고 하는 정신병자도 있었고... 최근에 세계 그리고 미국 난독증 협회에 한 달간 난독증 환자를 무료로 치료해주겠다고 이메일을 보냈더니, 밥줄이 끊어질까봐 걱정을 해서였는지 본인을 미친 사람으로 생각했는지 아무런 대답이 없습니다. 영화 배우 탐 크루즈도 난독증이 있었으며, 영화 Star Wars 등으로 유명한 감독 스티븐 스필버그도 난독증이 있습니다. 미국 인구의 10~15%가 난독증이 있다고 합니다. [Top List] 61 Celebrities with Dyslexia
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 11, 2014 11:32:05 GMT -5
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 11, 2014 11:40:46 GMT -5
Neural correlates of strategic reasoningNeural correlates of strategic reasoning during competitive games - www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2014/09/17/science.1256254Although human and animal behaviors are largely shaped by reinforcement and punishment, choices in social settings are also influenced by information about the knowledge and experience of other decision-makers. During competitive games, monkeys increased their payoffs by systematically deviating from a simple heuristic learning algorithm and thereby countering the predictable exploitation by their computer opponent. Neurons in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) signaled the animal’s recent choice and reward history that reflected the computer’s exploitative strategy. The strength of switching signals in the dmPFC also correlated with the animal’s tendency to deviate from the heuristic learning algorithm. Therefore, the dmPFC might provide control signals for overriding simple heuristic learning algorithms based on the inferred strategies of the opponent. 게임서 이기는 뇌 의사결정 메커니즘 첫 규명 - www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2014/09/18/0200000000AKR20140918192800017.HTML?input=1179m미국 예일대 서효정 교수팀 '사이언스'에 논문 포커나 바둑 등의 게임에서 상대를 속이기 위해 '의도된 행동(bluffing)'을 하는 뇌의 전략적 의사결정메커니즘이 재미 한인 과학자들에 의해 처음으로 규명됐다. 미국 예일대 신경생물학과 서효정 교수와 ㈜뉴로게이저 이대열 대표는 의사결정(decision-making)을 하는 과정에서 습관적으로 해오던 방식에서 벗어나 보다 유연하고 전략적인 선택을 가능하게 하는 뇌의 영역과 메커니즘을 원숭이 실험을 통해 규명했다고 19일 밝혔다. They still don't know organs are in charge of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. 그들은 전전두엽이 5장6부의 관할하에 있다는 것을 아직도 모르고 있다.
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Post by Master Kim on Dec 1, 2014 14:19:51 GMT -5
The Failure of the Medical System to Treat Alzheimer’s The news about how effective coconut oil is in treating Alzheimer’s Disease is spreading fast, as the failure of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s are widely documented in the mainstream media. These reports document the failures of drug companies to develop an effective Alzheimer’s drug. Drug companies Pfizer and Medivation admitted last year that the new drug they were developing for Alzheimer’s, dimebon, not only did not help patients in trials, but made patients worse. The expensive drug had already reached phase III trials. (See story here on ABC News) In May 2012 a federal judge ruled that a case against Harvard Medical School and its teaching hospitals regarding fraudulent research using public funds for Alzheimer’s disease was to proceed..... Coconut Oil and Alzheimer’s Disease: The News is Spreading - healthimpactnews.com/2012/coconut-oil-and-alzheimers-disease-the-news-is-spreading/
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Post by Master Kim on Dec 5, 2014 16:38:01 GMT -5
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Post by Master Kim on May 9, 2015 23:27:52 GMT -5
Deathbed Confession: ADHD Is A Fictitious Disease - Published on Apr 3, 2014 Leon Eisenberg, the scientific father" of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD, died in 2009. Before he passed away, he made a startling confession. The 87-year-old medical researcher said "ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease" while on his deathbed. In the United States, one in every ten male children takes medicine for the disorder, and that number is increasing. Eisenberg made a great deal of wealth living off research into ADHD, and won several prizes for his work into childhood learning disorders. For more than four decades, the medical researcher was a leader in the field of child psychology. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, is the standard reference for psychologists in diagnosing mental disorders. A study by child psychologist Lisa Cosgrove looked into financial ties between board members who prepare the manual and the pharmaceutical industry. The study, carried out in 2006, revealed every single member of the DSM board was receiving money from the drug industry. This set off a firestorm of controversy. Up to one in eight children in school is now said to suffer from some sort of mental disorder. This large population is driving some parents to question the diagnoses. Health experts and those raising children are asking where normal childhood behavior ends and where ADHD begins. Renowned child psychologist Jerome Kagan of Harvard University took part in an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel. While talking about the increase in cases, Kagan said, "Let's go back 50 years. We have a 7-year-old child who is bored in school and disrupts classes. Back then, he was called lazy. Today, he is said to suffer from ADHD. That's why the numbers have soared." (1) A new book by Richard Saul called "ADHD Does Not Exist' and a pair of recent articles in the New York Times suggest the disorder is, at least, misdiagnosed.
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 20, 2015 13:03:01 GMT -5
Is Alzheimer's caused by FUNGUS? Traces found in the brains of sufferers suggest the disease 'could caused by an infectious microbe' - www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3274397/Is-Alzheimer-s-caused-FUNGUS-Traces-brains-sufferers-suggest-disease-caused-infectious-microbe.html- Finding reignites debate over disease being caused by infectious microbe
- Evidence is not yet conclusive - indeed, dementia may trigger fungus
- If fungus is found to be a trigger, disease could be treated with antifungalsFindings come after scientists suggested disease could be 'transmitted'
- Findings come after scientists suggested disease could be 'transmitted'
By Fiona Macrae Science Editor For The Daily MailPublished: 11:03 EST, 15 October 2015 | Updated: 18:54 EST, 15 October 2015 Alzheimer’s disease is caused by a fungus growing in the brain, research suggests. Yeasts and moulds were found in grey matter and blood vessels of all the dementia patients studied. By contrast, the brains of healthy people were free of fungi. The Spanish researchers said fungal infection could ‘readily explain’ all the symptoms of Alzheimer’s – and may be the cause of the neurodegenerative disease. The study, published by the highly respected Nature group of journals, is the second in a matter of weeks to question whether it is possible to catch the devastating condition. Could Alzheimer's disease be caused by fungus? Traces have been discovered in the brains of sufferers,The reigniting the debate over whether the disease is actually caused by an infectious microbe Last month, UK research suggested it could be spread through blood transfusions, operations and even dental work. Before that, it was thought that Alzheimer’s was either caused by faulty genes or a combination of bad luck and ageing. The latest study will further fuel fears that Alzheimer’s can be caught. But it could also lead to much-needed new treatments for a disease that affects at least 500,000 Britons and robs people of their speech, memory and dignity. However, much more work is needed to confirm the link. Researchers from the Autonomous University of Madrid found traces of several different types of fungus in the brains of 11 people who had died with Alzheimer’s disease. They said the range of fungi might help explain why the disease can vary so much from patient to patient. And that symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, including its slow progression and the involvement of the immune system, can be ‘readily explained’ by a fungal infection. Writing in the journal Scientific Reports, they added that if the condition is caused by a fungus, this could help explain why drug trails until now have had disappointing results. It also means that existing antifungal drugs may be able powerful weapons in the fight against Alzheimer’s. The conclusions were drawn after the scientists found cells and other material from 'several fungal species' in the brain tissue and blood vessels of all 11 deceased Alzheimer's patients analysed For video clip, please click below link. www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3274397/Is-Alzheimer-s-caused-FUNGUS-Traces-brains-sufferers-suggest-disease-caused-infectious-microbe.html#v-3970154371001Lead researcher Luis Carrasco said: ‘It is evident that clinical trials will be necessary to establish a causal effect of fungal infection in AD. ‘There are a number of highly effective antifungal compounds with little toxicity. ‘A combined effort from the pharmaceutical industry and clinicians is needed to design clinical trials to test the possibility that Alzheimer’s disease is caused by fungal infection.’ However, he also cautioned that his study does not prove that Alzheimer’s is triggered by a fungus. It is also possible that the fungal infection may follow Alzheimer’s disease, with yeasts and moulds finding it easy to take hold in brains weakened by dementia. Sylvain Lehmann, a French researcher on neurodegenerative disease, described the results as ‘very speculative’. British experts were also cautious. Dr Laura Phipps, of charity Alzheimer’s Research UK, said: ‘While this very small study suggests that fungal cells may be present in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s, we cannot conclude from this work that such infections cause or increase the risk of the disease. ‘Without a corresponding medical history, we do not know whether the fungal infection occurred before or after the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, or whether this group of people had an increased risk of fungal infection due to other health complications.’ ‘The best current evidence suggests that eating a healthy and balanced diet, not smoking, staying physically active and keeping weight and blood pressure in check can all help reduce the risk of dementia.’ However, she added that the charity is funding research into whether infections play a role in Alzheimer’s. Dr Clare Walton, of the Alzheimer’s Society, said: ‘Traces of fungus in the brains of these few people with Alzheimer’s is not enough to conclude that it plays a role in the development of the disease. ‘Although there has been research in the past to explore whether infectious diseases can raise the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, the results have so far been inconclusive. ‘We do know that Alzheimer’s disease weakens the internal barrier that protects the brain and this may make it more open to infections. ‘There is still much research to be done in order to truly understand the causes of dementia. ‘As it is a progressive, long-term condition, it can take many years before symptoms appear and so it is hard to determine the initial cause based on samples taken after death.’
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 20, 2015 13:29:17 GMT -5
Gut–Brain link grabs Neuroscientists - www.nature.com/news/gut-brain-link-grabs-neuroscientists-1.16316Idea that intestinal bacteria affect mental health gains ground. Sara Reardon12 November 2014 Lester V. Bergman/Corbis - Feeding mice the bacterium Bacteroides fragilis can reverse autism-like symptoms. Companies selling ‘probiotic’ foods have long claimed that cultivating the right gut bacteria can benefit mental well-being, but neuroscientists have generally been sceptical. Now there is hard evidence linking conditions such as autism and depression to the gut’s microbial residents, known as the microbiome. And neuroscientists are taking notice — not just of the clinical implications but also of what the link could mean for experimental design. “The field is going to another level of sophistication,” says Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. “Hopefully this will shift this image that there’s too much commercial interest and data from too few labs.” This year, the US National Institute of Mental Health spent more than US$1 million on a new research programme aimed at the microbiome–brain connection. And on 19 November, neuroscientists will present evidence for the link in a symposium at the annual Society for Neuroscience meeting in Washington DC called ‘Gut Microbes and the Brain: Paradigm Shift in Neuroscience’. Although correlations have been noted between the composition of the gut microbiome and behavioural conditions, especially autism1, neuroscientists are only now starting to understand how gut bacteria may influence the brain. The immune system almost certainly plays a part, Mazmanian says, as does the vagus nerve, which connects the brain to the digestive tract. Bacterial waste products can also influence the brain — for example, at least two types of intestinal bacterium produce the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)2. The microbiome is likely to have its greatest impact on the brain early in life, says pharmacologist John Cryan at University College Cork in Ireland. In a study to be presented at the neuroscience meeting, his group found that mice born by caesarean section, which hosted different microbes from mice born vaginally, were significantly more anxious and had symptoms of depression. The animals’ inability to pick up their mothers’ vaginal microbes during birth — the first bacteria that they would normally encounter — may cause lifelong changes in mental health, he says. Similarly, a 2013 study from Mazmanian’s lab found that a mouse model with some features of autism had much lower levels of a common gut bacterium called Bacteroides fragilis than did normal mice3. The animals were also stressed, antisocial and had gastrointestinal symptoms often seen in autism. Feeding B. fragilis to the mice reversed the symptoms. The group also found that the mice with these symptoms had higher levels of a bacterial metabolite called 4-ethylphenylsulphate (4EPS) in their blood, and that injecting that chemical into normal mice caused the same behavioural problems. The mechanism for these effects is still unclear. At the meeting, Mazmanian will present data showing that feeding 4EPS to mice causes behavioural problems only if the gut is leaky, presumably because that allows the chemical to seep into the body through the intestinal wall. That observation raises the possibility that some people with autism could be supported with therapies, such as probiotics, that target the gut instead of the brain, which is a much more complex and inaccessible organ. Yet even those at the forefront of the research remain sceptical that the findings will translate into treatments for humans. The evidence that probiotics affect human behaviour “is minimal to say the least”, Mazmanian acknowledges. Still, he says, a growing number of researchers are starting to look at some mental illnesses through a microbial lens. There are implications for basic research too. In another study to be presented at the meeting, veterinarian Catherine Hagan at the University of Missouri in Columbia compared the gut bacteria in laboratory mice of the same genetic strain that had been bought from different vendors. Their commensals differed widely, she found: mice from the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, for instance, had fewer bacterial types in their guts than did mice from Harlan Laboratories, which is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. Such differences could present a major complication for researchers seeking to reproduce another lab’s behavioural experiments, Hagan says. When her team transplanted bacteria from female Harlan mice into female Jackson mice, the animals became less anxious and had lower levels of stress-related chemicals in their blood. Hagan notes that when a lab makes a mouse by in vitro fertilization, the animal will pick up microbes from its surrogate mother, which might differ greatly from those of its genetic mother. “If we’re going to kill animals for research, we want to make sure they’re modelling what we think they’re modelling,” she says.
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 20, 2015 14:32:52 GMT -5
Microbiome therapy gains market traction - www.nature.com/news/microbiome-therapy-gains-market-traction-1.15210Wave of investment suggests drugs from body-dwelling bacteria are heading for the clinic. Sara Reardon, 13 May 2014 Eye of Science/SPL Researchers are studying how gut bacteria such as Lactobacillus (grey) interact with the body. The human body teems with trillions of microorganisms — a microbial landscape that has attracted roughly US$500 million in research spending since 2008. Yet with a few exceptions, such as the use of faecal transplants for treating life- threatening gut infections or inflammatory bowel disease, research on the human microbiome has produced few therapies. That is poised to change as large pharmaceutical companies eye the medical potential of manipulating interactions between humans and the bacteria that live in or on the body. On 2 May, drug giant Pfizer announced plans to partner with Second Genome, a biotechnology firm in South San Francisco, California, to study the microbiomes of around 900 people, including those with metabolic disorders and a control group. “We are looking at using this as one piece of a puzzle to understand an individual,” says Barbara Sosnowski, vice-president of external research and development at Pfizer in New York. A day earlier, Paris-based Enterome revealed that it had raised €10 million (US$13.8 million) in venture capital to develop tests that use the composition of gut bacteria to diagnose inflammatory and liver diseases. Experts predict that the next few months will see a boom in such partnerships and investments, and that new microbiome-derived drugs and therapies will come to market within a few years. Probiotics, or beneficial gut bacteria, have become a popular therapy in recent years. Television advertisements feature celebrities touting Bifidobacterium-laced yogurt, and consumers flock to buy pills that contain Lactobacillusto quell their gut disturbances and other ailments. But many physicians and scientists doubt the effectiveness of such remedies. “Probiotics may be relatively safe, but not particularly potent in terms of modifying diseases or symptoms,” says Joseph Murray, a gastroenterologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. But as scientists come to understand the mechanisms by which specific bacteria affect the body, many think that they can pinpoint the right combination of microbes to treat different conditions. Others aim to develop molecules that mimic a beneficial bacterium–host interaction, or block a harmful one. “Undoubtedly, the microbiome is a little drug factory in our intestine,” says Justin Sonnenburg, a microbiologist at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. Murray’s group, for example, has reported that feeding the gut bacterium Prevotella histicola to transgenic mice engineered to have human-like immune systems can suppress the inflammation caused by multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. His team is hoping to develop this into a therapy with biotech firm Miomics in New York. Similarly, Vedanta Biosciences in Boston, Massachusetts, is conducting preclinical trials of a pill containing microbes that suppress gut inflammation ( Y. Furusawa et al. Nature 504, 446–450; 2013). And last June, Second Genome announced a deal with Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Beerse, Belgium, to study the microbial populations of people with ulcerative colitis, in the hope of identifying new drugs and drug targets. Although Second Genome remains vague about the details of its products, president Peter DiLaura says that the company hopes to find small molecules and biological compounds such as proteins that can tweak the microbiome to ease diabetes and autoimmune disorders. Meanwhile, one of Second Genome’s scientific consultants, bioengineer Michael Fischbach of the University of California, San Francisco, is developing tools to identify molecules found on bacteria or produced by them, and which bind to receptors on human cells and affect the immune or nervous systems. “It’s not just a drug-like molecule — it’s a real drug being produced,” he says. Changing the balance of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ bacteria in the gut microbiome can also influence health — inflammation, for example, or even depression and anxiety. Researchers may already have a wealth of ready-made medications that can alter this equilibrium. Drugs and small molecules that have been discarded because they are not absorbed by the intestine may help to target the gut microbiome specifically, treating it as an organ. Sonnenburg’s team, for instance, has found that a compound called sialic acid builds up in the intestine and helps harmful bacteria to take over the gut when antibiotics have killed off helpful bacteria. The researchers are now investigating whether treating mice with compounds similar to sialic acid can inhibit this harmful transformation ( K. M. Ng et al. Nature 502, 96–99; 2013). And Microbiome Therapeutics, a biotechnology company in Broomfield, Colorado, is currently conducting clinical trials with two small molecules that select for ‘good’ gut bacteria to help people with diabetes to take up insulin more easily. Chief executive Steven Orndorff says that the company plans to present the first results from the trials next month at an Endocrine Society conference in Chicago, Illinois. Other companies are turning the microbiome into a diagnostic tool. Enterome has created a genetic-sequencing platform that detects changes in stool microbes that warn of the onset of disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. The firm has tracked progression of the disease in 100 such patients in a bid to avoid invasive colonoscopies. Getting microbiome-inspired therapies to market presents a number of challenges, however. Small molecules such as those developed by Microbiome Therapeutics may be able to go through the normal drug regulatory pathway. But there may be a different or new set of regulatory hurdles for genetically modified bacteria — for example, those in development by Ghent-based ActoGeniX in Belgium and ViThera Pharmaceuticals in Cambridge, Massachusetts — that deliver anti-inflammatory agents to the gut. Other issues, including intellectual-property rights for naturally occurring bacteria, may complicate the path of products to market. Although small start-up firms can be flexible in navigating these issues, funding and guidance from pharmaceutical giants can only help, says Bernat Olle, chief operating officer of Vedanta. In 2013, for example, Vedanta struck a deal with Johnson & Johnson, based in New Brunswick, New Jersey, to develop potential therapies for inflammatory bowel disease and other autoimmune disorders. Pierre Belichard, Enterome’s chief executive, says that such investment has been a long time coming — but companies are now flocking to microbiome research. “Doctors have been asking questions about why this new and fascinating world of science is not seen as a place to put money in,” he says. “Until the beginning of this year, that was a very good question.” Now, he says, investors “all want a microbiome company in their portfolio”. Nature 509, 269–270 (15 May 2014) doi:10.1038/509269a
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Post by Master Kim on Oct 20, 2015 14:34:32 GMT -5
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